{"id":11308,"date":"2010-05-11T10:00:54","date_gmt":"2010-05-11T14:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fryeblog.blog.lib.mcmaster.ca\/?p=11308"},"modified":"2010-05-11T10:00:54","modified_gmt":"2010-05-11T14:00:54","slug":"noah-richler-what-we-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/2010\/05\/11\/noah-richler-what-we-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-war\/","title":{"rendered":"Noah Richler: “What We Talk About When We Talk About War”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"bannersbybrianbranch2\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

An except from Noah Richler’s talk at the Frye Festival last month, soon to be published in its entirety by Goose Lane Press.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

We Are at War<\/em><\/p>\n

If Parliament remains true to the decision it made in 2008[1]<\/a>, then by December 2011, Canadian soldiers will leave Afghanistan and our participation as combatants in NATO\u2019s International Security Assistance Force will have ended. I\u2019m not speaking to you, today, to judge this undeclared war\u2014though technically speaking, we are not fighting a war but are involved in a \u201ccounter-insurgency\u201d operation[2]<\/a> and so conveniently not bound by the Geneva Conventions. No, appropriate to the Festival\u2019s flattering invitation I come to the topic of this war, let\u2019s call it a war, in the shadow of the master, Northrop Frye. As someone with a keen interest in story, I am fascinated by how the manner<\/em> in which we narrate our lives lays the way for the journey we make through war\u2019s repeating cycle of insult, escalating injury and then exhaustion. I am here to consider how we have talked ourselves into this war[3]<\/a>, through it\u2014and now, finally, are talking ourselves out of it.<\/p>\n

The Canadian Military Then and Now<\/em><\/p>\n

Ten years ago Canada considered itself a \u2018peacekeeping\u2019 nation despite having a diminishing presence in actual UN peacekeeping operations around the world. More than 100 000 Canadians have participated in UN operations since 1948[4]<\/a> but a mere 317 Canadians in blue helmets were serving in small numbers in various missions around the world in September, 2001[5]<\/a>, when Canada\u2019s rank among contributing nations had plummeted to 33rd<\/sup> among contributing nations[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Now (at the end of February, 2010) it ranks 57th<\/sup>.[7]<\/a> Today, our Forces are still nowhere near the 1.1 million who fought over the course of the Second World War when, despite our relatively meager population\u2014of which more than 45 000 gave their lives\u2014this country had the third largest navy, the fourth largest air force and six land divisions fighting[8]<\/a>, but it is probably fair to say that at the present time the Canadian Forces enjoy a much higher and more visible profile than they have done for fifty years and that the solemnity with which Canadian military fatalities are honoured is the envy of other armies and countries fighting in the ISAF in Afghanistan.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s unlikely that the character of Canadians was altered so fundamentally in that time, but there is no question that a wholesale revision of a couple of our myths of identity at least provided the suggestion of such a change. It is this occurrence on the narrative plane that I wish to examine through the limited evidence of the voices of a few of the soldiers and their families but more so the journalists and pundits who write and comment on the war for the Canadian news media. Today, in a hyper-narrated world that I believe Northrop Frye would have found tremendously exciting, not just poets but you and I and especially<\/em> the press are Shelley\u2019s \u201cunacknowledged legislators of the world.\u201d<\/p>\n

Reporters[9]<\/a>, in the heat of the moment, articulate the national story and in this regard I believe their pronouncements to be reasonably scientific barometer of how not just the content but also the form<\/em> of stories have been manipulated to permit the war and, in the very moment we are living in, are about to excuse us from it.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

How Stories Work (According to Northrop Frye)<\/em><\/p>\n

Stories are the mirror of a society\u2019s worldview and present themselves to us in myriad forms, the range of which is no longer academic. Northrop Frye, in his Anatomy of Criticism<\/em>, presented a \u201cTheory of Modes\u201d in which the form of a story could be classified by the relative \u201celevation\u201d of its characters who were superior or inferior to we mortals in kind or in degree. Gods, superior to us in kind, operate in a world not subject to the laws of ours mundane one in stories Frye called \u2018myths\u2019. Stories that feature characters living in the same world that we do and who are like us in kind but superior to ordinary humans in degree, are romances with heroes<\/em>. The hero, says Frye, \u201cis a leader. He has authority, passions, and powers of expression far greater than ours, but what he does is subject both to social criticism and to the order of nature.\u201d He is a hero in a high mimetic <\/em>mode\u2014the hero \u201cof most epic and tragedy, and is primarily the kind of hero that Aristotle had in mind.\u201d[11]<\/a> The hero is in low<\/em> mimetic if he is utterly like us in kind and in degree. Such a character is, says Frye, \u201cof realistic fiction\u201d\u2014and not very grand at all. He is, writes Frye, \u201cone of us: we respond to a sense of his common humanity, and demand from the poet the same canons of probability that we find in our own experience.\u201d<\/p>\n

Frye, however, reluctantly toiling in the \u2018Bush Garden\u2019 (a phrase he borrowed from a student of his called Margaret Atwood), was in the habit of judging stories at a remote distance. Today these story forms are close and immediate. We negotiate not just with Islamism but a host of creeds that as recently as fifty years ago entered the imaginations even of scholars merely on paper or as the result of anthropological travels to distant lands. Now they live not just down the street, they\u2019re next door and inside the house and in your son\u2019s or daughter\u2019s bedroom. We live in a world where the means to fabricate or subscribe to a story and disseminate it have never been more powerful or more commonplace\u2014means that are, quite literally, at our keyboard fingertips, and we have come to understand their astonishing power because ordinary life has taught us to recognize and to use our viral capacity as their agents. Stories have never been less remote. They are dynamic to the point of being positively volatile and\u2014I\u2019m much influenced by the English biologist Richard Dawkins\u2019s notion of memes, here\u2014they act as the foot soldiers of narrative cultures that are virulently, intensely competitive.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

[1]<\/strong><\/a> March 13th<\/sup> 2008. See: http:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/canada\/story\/2008\/03\/13\/motion-confidence.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/strong><\/a> See, for the moment, http:\/\/www.thestar.com\/news\/canada\/article\/723809–dnd-appears-to-back-off-plan-to-vaccinate-afghan-detainees<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/strong><\/a> \u201c\u2026 swapped two very different kinds of story \u2026\u201d to be put somewhere, note.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/strong><\/a> See: http:\/\/www.un.org\/Pubs\/chronicle\/2004\/issue4\/0404p66.html<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/strong><\/a> See: http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/contributors\/2001\/September2001_1.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/strong><\/a> See: http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/contributors\/2001\/September2001_2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/strong><\/a> See: http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/peacekeeping\/contributors\/2010\/feb10_2.pdf<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/strong><\/a> See: http:\/\/www.vac-acc.gc.ca\/remembers\/sub.cfm?source=history\/secondwar\/canada2\/epilogue<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/strong><\/a> See earlier passages about press having a hand and Chris Hedges on media being a part of it.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/strong><\/a> See Jeffrey Simpson in the Globe & Mail<\/em>, April 9th<\/sup> 2010. (You have it.)<\/p>\n

[11]<\/strong><\/a> Anatomy<\/em>, p.34.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An except from Noah Richler’s talk at the Frye Festival last month, soon to be published in its entirety by Goose Lane Press. We Are at War If Parliament remains true to the decision it made in 2008[1], then by December 2011, Canadian soldiers will leave Afghanistan and our participation as combatants in NATO\u2019s International […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[33,60,122],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-current-events","category-frye-festival","category-politics"],"yoast_head":"\nNoah Richler: "What We Talk About When We Talk About War" - The Educated Imagination<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/2010\/05\/11\/noah-richler-what-we-talk-about-when-we-talk-about-war\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Noah Richler: "What We Talk About When We Talk About War" - The Educated Imagination\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"An except from Noah Richler’s talk at the Frye Festival last month, soon to be published in its entirety by Goose Lane Press. 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