{"id":15910,"date":"2010-09-01T00:05:38","date_gmt":"2010-09-01T04:05:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fryeblog.blog.lib.mcmaster.ca\/?p=15910"},"modified":"2010-09-01T00:05:38","modified_gmt":"2010-09-01T04:05:38","slug":"we-must-love-one-another-or-die","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/2010\/09\/01\/we-must-love-one-another-or-die\/","title":{"rendered":"“We must love one another or die”"},"content":{"rendered":"

httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hMflhlXeCNA&feature=PlayList&p=66FF5019C82DB7B1&index=0&playnext=1<\/p>\n

German newsreel footage of the invasion of Poland (with English subtitles).
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

On this date in 1939 Nazi Germany invaded Poland, beginning the Second World War in Europe.<\/p>\n

This is one of those rare occasions where a terrible historical event inspires a major literary work that is contemporaneous with it.\u00a0 In this instance, a poem with the date of the event as its title and published just 48 days later.\u00a0 That makes it is a good opportunity to consider the prophetic power of literature to confront history.<\/p>\n

Here’s W.H. Auden’s “September 1, 1939<\/a>” (after the jump a recitation of the poem with the stanzas displayed):<\/p>\n

I sit in one of the dives
\nOn Fifty-second Street
\nUncertain and afraid
\nAs the clever hopes expire
\nOf a low dishonest decade:
\nWaves of anger and fear
\nCirculate over the bright
\nAnd darkened lands of the earth,
\nObsessing our private lives;
\nThe unmentionable odour of death
\nOffends the September night.<\/p>\n

Accurate scholarship can
\nUnearth the whole offence
\nFrom Luther until now
\nThat has driven a culture mad,
\nFind what occurred at Linz,
\nWhat huge imago made
\nA psychopathic god:
\nI and the public know
\nWhat all schoolchildren learn,
\nThose to whom evil is done
\nDo evil in return.<\/p>\n

Exiled Thucydides knew
\nAll that a speech can say
\nAbout Democracy,
\nAnd what dictators do,
\nThe elderly rubbish they talk
\nTo an apathetic grave;
\nAnalysed all in his book,
\nThe enlightenment driven away,
\nThe habit-forming pain,
\nMismanagement and grief:
\nWe must suffer them all again.<\/p>\n

Into this neutral air
\nWhere blind skyscrapers use
\nTheir full height to proclaim
\nThe strength of Collective Man,
\nEach language pours its vain
\nCompetitive excuse:
\nBut who can live for long
\nIn an euphoric dream;
\nOut of the mirror they stare,
\nImperialism’s face
\nAnd the international wrong.<\/p>\n

Faces along the bar
\nCling to their average day:
\nThe lights must never go out,
\nThe music must always play,
\nAll the conventions conspire
\nTo make this fort assume
\nThe furniture of home;
\nLest we should see where we are,
\nLost in a haunted wood,
\nChildren afraid of the night
\nWho have never been happy or good.<\/p>\n

The windiest militant trash
\nImportant Persons shout
\nIs not so crude as our wish:
\nWhat mad Nijinsky wrote
\nAbout Diaghilev
\nIs true of the normal heart;
\nFor the error bred in the bone
\nOf each woman and each man
\nCraves what it cannot have,
\nNot universal love
\nBut to be loved alone.<\/p>\n

From the conservative dark
\nInto the ethical life
\nThe dense commuters come,
\nRepeating their morning vow;
\n“I will be true to the wife,
\nI’ll concentrate more on my work,”
\nAnd helpless governors wake
\nTo resume their compulsory game:
\nWho can release them now,
\nWho can reach the deaf,
\nWho can speak for the dumb?<\/p>\n

All I have is a voice
\nTo undo the folded lie,
\nThe romantic lie in the brain
\nOf the sensual man-in-the-street
\nAnd the lie of Authority
\nWhose buildings grope the sky:
\nThere is no such thing as the State
\nAnd no one exists alone;
\nHunger allows no choice
\nTo the citizen or the police;
\nWe must love one another or die.<\/p>\n

Defenceless under the night
\nOur world in stupor lies;
\nYet, dotted everywhere,
\nIronic points of light
\nFlash out wherever the Just
\nExchange their messages:
\nMay I, composed like them
\nOf Eros and of dust,
\nBeleaguered by the same
\nNegation and despair,
\nShow an affirming flame.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Given the horrors we know will follow — tens of millions dead from Europe to Asia, including the industrialized genocide of the Jews and other “undesirables” — the clarity of vision of this poem, its demotic rhythms, its scrupulously measured indignation and humble expectations, allow it to retain a devastating power more than 70 years later, as though literature had unambiguously claimed its authority to instruct as well as delight.\u00a0 After all these years, those last two stanzas can still catch the breath with anticipation, and the cumulative power of the poem begins to feel like rolling thunder at these lines:<\/p>\n

There is no such thing as the State\nAnd no one exists alone;\nHunger allows no choice\nTo the citizen or the police;\nWe must love one another or die.<\/pre>\n
This is about as pure an expression of what Frye calls primary concern as can be articulated in so few words.\u00a0 Johan Aitken notes in her introduction<\/a> to The Double Vision<\/em> that Frye “cherished” that last line especially and cites it on a number of occasions as a visionary expression of our moral duty to one another.<\/p>\n
Here he is in “The Voice and the Crowd,” an interview with Gregory Baum of St. Michael’s College, University of Toronto:<\/p>\n
. . . .[W]hen Auden says that we must love one another or die, I think I know what he means and I imagine you know what he means. Yet for many people this has overtones of trying to hypnotize oneself into thinking that people are amiable who are not amiable.\u00a0 And while I know what you mean when you say that there’s no difference between love and Christian love, still there is a difference between love and gregariousness.\u00a0 The kind of unanswerable vision of the community of man which we may or may not be fortunate enough to get in our lives is perhaps what we have been revolving around. (CW<\/em> 24, 47)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
And in The Double Vision<\/em> (with the Montreal Massacre<\/a> still fresh in our minds):<\/p>\n
[T]he immense increase in the spread of communication today has also increased our sense of involvement with people at a distance, and even people who actually are totally alien to ourselves in their mental processes.\u00a0 It is difficult not to feel some involvement even with the fantasies of a psychotic murdering women who want to be engineers.\u00a0 One hopes that underlying the drive toward peace and freedom in our time is an impulse toward love growing out of a new immediacy of contact.\u00a0 The word “love” may still sound somewhat hazy and sentimental, but it does express some sort of crisis: “We must love one another or die,” as W.H. Auden says. (CW<\/em> 4, 192-3)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
And, finally, here he is in the Late Notebooks <\/em>with his own death in sight but with an understanding that death is not the end when the conditions of life are freedom and love:<\/p>\n
We must be  free or die, says Wordsworth.\u00a0 We must love one another or die, says  Auden.\u00a0 We must grow older or die says Northrop Frye at age  seventy-eight. (CW <\/em>6, 721)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
May I, composed like them\nOf Eros and of dust,\nBeleaguered by the same\nNegation and despair,\nShow an affirming flame.<\/pre>\n
httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oWtVYYoJFl4<\/p>\n
\n
\n
\n
sit in one of the dives<\/p>\n
On Fifty-second Street<\/p>\n
Uncertain and afraid<\/p>\n
As the clever hopes expire<\/p>\n
Of a low dishonest decade:<\/p>\n
Waves of anger and fear<\/p>\n
Circulate over the bright<\/p>\n
And darkened lands of the earth,<\/p>\n
Obsessing our private lives;<\/p>\n
The unmentionable odour of death<\/p>\n
Offends the September night.<\/p>\n
\n
Accurate scholarship can<\/p>\n
Unearth the whole offence<\/p>\n
From Luther until now<\/p>\n
That has driven a culture mad,<\/p>\n
Find what occurred at Linz,<\/p>\n
What huge imago made<\/p>\n
A psychopathic god:<\/p>\n
I and the public know<\/p>\n
What all schoolchildren learn,<\/p>\n
Those to whom evil is done<\/p>\n
Do evil in return.<\/p>\n
\n
Exiled Thucydides knew<\/p>\n
All that a speech can say<\/p>\n
About Democracy,<\/p>\n
And what dictators do,<\/p>\n
The elderly rubbish they talk<\/p>\n
To an apathetic grave;<\/p>\n
Analysed all in his book,<\/p>\n
The enlightenment driven away,<\/p>\n
The habit-forming pain,<\/p>\n
Mismanagement and grief:<\/p>\n
We must suffer them all again.<\/p>\n
\n
Into this neutral air<\/p>\n
Where blind skyscrapers use<\/p>\n
Their full height to proclaim<\/p>\n
The strength of Collective Man,<\/p>\n
Each language pours its vain<\/p>\n
Competitive excuse:<\/p>\n
But who can live for long<\/p>\n
In an euphoric dream;<\/p>\n
Out of the mirror they stare,<\/p>\n
Imperialism’s face<\/p>\n
And the international wrong.<\/p>\n
\n
Faces along the bar<\/p>\n
Cling to their average day:<\/p>\n
The lights must never go out,<\/p>\n
The music must always play,<\/p>\n
All the conventions conspire<\/p>\n
To make this fort assume<\/p>\n
The furniture of home;<\/p>\n
Lest we should see where we are,<\/p>\n
Lost in a haunted wood,<\/p>\n
Children afraid of the night<\/p>\n
Who have never been happy or good.<\/p>\n
\n
The windiest militant trash<\/p>\n
Important Persons shout<\/p>\n
Is not so crude as our wish:<\/p>\n
What mad Nijinsky wrote<\/p>\n
About Diaghilev<\/p>\n
Is true of the normal heart;<\/p>\n
For the error bred in the bone<\/p>\n
Of each woman and each man<\/p>\n
Craves what it cannot have,<\/p>\n
Not universal love<\/p>\n
But to be loved alone.<\/p>\n
\n
From the conservative dark<\/p>\n
Into the ethical life<\/p>\n
The dense commuters come,<\/p>\n
Repeating their morning vow;<\/p>\n
“I will be true to the wife,<\/p>\n
I’ll concentrate more on my work,”<\/p>\n
And helpless governors wake<\/p>\n
To resume their compulsory game:<\/p>\n
Who can release them now,<\/p>\n
Who can reach the deaf,<\/p>\n
Who can speak for the dumb?<\/p>\n
\n
All I have is a voice<\/p>\n
To undo the folded lie,<\/p>\n
The romantic lie in the brain<\/p>\n
Of the sensual man-in-the-street<\/p>\n
And the lie of Authority<\/p>\n
Whose buildings grope the sky:<\/p>\n
There is no such thing as the State<\/p>\n
And no one exists alone;<\/p>\n
Hunger allows no choice<\/p>\n
To the citizen or the police;<\/p>\n
We must love one another or die.<\/p>\n
\n
Defenceless under the night<\/p>\n
Our world in stupor lies;<\/p>\n
Yet, dotted everywhere,<\/p>\n
Ironic points of light<\/p>\n
Flash out wherever the Just<\/p>\n
Exchange their messages:<\/p>\n
May I, composed like them<\/p>\n
Of Eros and of dust,<\/p>\n
Beleaguered by the same<\/p>\n
Negation and despair,<\/p>\n
Show an affirming flame.<\/p>\n
\n<\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hMflhlXeCNA&feature=PlayList&p=66FF5019C82DB7B1&index=0&playnext=1 German newsreel footage of the invasion of Poland (with English subtitles). On this date in 1939 Nazi Germany invaded Poland, beginning the Second World War in Europe. This is one of those rare occasions where a terrible historical event inspires a major literary work that is contemporaneous with it.\u00a0 In this instance, a poem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[5,9,40,148,165],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15910","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anniversaries","category-audio","category-double-vision","category-society","category-video"],"yoast_head":"\n"We must love one another or die" - The Educated Imagination<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/2010\/09\/01\/we-must-love-one-another-or-die\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\""We must love one another or die" - The Educated Imagination\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"httpv:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hMflhlXeCNA&feature=PlayList&p=66FF5019C82DB7B1&index=0&playnext=1 German newsreel footage of the invasion of Poland (with English subtitles). 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