{"id":17750,"date":"2010-10-21T12:50:14","date_gmt":"2010-10-21T16:50:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fryeblog.blog.lib.mcmaster.ca\/?p=17750"},"modified":"2010-10-21T12:50:14","modified_gmt":"2010-10-21T16:50:14","slug":"advancement-versus-academic-freedom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/2010\/10\/21\/advancement-versus-academic-freedom\/","title":{"rendered":"Advancement versus Academic Freedom"},"content":{"rendered":"

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The University of Toronto has many claims to fame.\u00a0 It has a stellar academic reputation, one of the best libraries in the country, some of Canada\u2019s finest faculty, and Maclean\u2019s<\/em> consistently ranks it as one of the best universities, if not the best, in the country.\u00a0 That being said, the University of Toronto has adopted dubious practices when it comes to advancement and academic freedom.<\/p>\n

What are the questions that a university must ask itself when it receives donations?\u00a0 Among them are, What is the purpose of the donation?\u00a0 What are the conditions attached to the donation?\u00a0 How important is academic freedom to the success of the University\u2019s researchers, professors, and students in relation to the donation?<\/p>\n

The University of Toronto\u2019s Vice-President of Advancement, David Palmer, claims that all donor agreements are subject to the following clause:<\/p>\n

The parties affirm their mutual commitment to the University\u2019s Statement of Institutional Purpose which includes a commitment to foster an academic community in which the learning and scholarship of every member may flourish, with vigilant protection for the rights of freedom of speech, academic freedom and freedom of\u00a0research.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In two recent donations to the University of Toronto, this clause never appeared, nor did any that remotely resembles such a clause.\u00a0 Moreover, when I Google-searched this clause, I realised that it appears nowhere except in a letter to the editor<\/a> of the Toronto Star<\/em> on September 19, 2010, written by the Vice-President of Advancement, and subsequently published in the Varsity<\/a>, a student run newspaper at the University of Toronto.\u00a0 The reason for the letter in the Star<\/em> is that an excerpt from The Trouble With Billionaires<\/em><\/a> by Linda McQuaig and Neil Brooks claims that the recent $35 million dollar agreement between Peter Munk and the University of Toronto \u201cstipulates that the school will also house the Canadian International Council \u2014 a right-leaning think-tank that has been pushing to replace Canada\u2019s earlier role as a leading UN peacekeeping nation with a more prominent role in U.S.-led war efforts.\u201d\u00a0 The University of Toronto, through its Vice-President of Advancement, has assured us that this is not the case and that no donor has influence over the academic freedom of researchers, students, or professors at the University of Toronto.<\/p>\n

In his chapter \u201cAcademic Freedom or Commercial License?<\/a>\u201d (which appeared in The Corporate Campus<\/em>, edited by James Turk), William Graham highlights a few agreements between the University of Toronto and its donors.\u00a0 When, for exammple, Joseph Rotman donated $15 million to the University of Toronto, the agreement required \u201cthe unqualified support for and commitment to the principles and values underlying the vision by the members of the faculty of management as well as the central administration upon the continuing ongoing support demonstrated by members of the faculty\u201d (23).\u00a0 In other words, for the donation to continue, Rotman required that faculty adhere to \u201cthe vision.\u201d\u00a0 Indeed, as Graham notes, the acting provost at the time \u201cstated with pride\u201d that \u201cgiven the magnitude and importance of the gift, the University is prepared to make a number of undertakings that in a number of ways involve new commitments or variances from previously approved allocations or from University policy\u201d (24).<\/p>\n

Rotman\u2019s donation is not unique.\u00a0 Graham writes: \u201cEven more scandalous in many ways was the agreement between the University of Toronto and Mr. Peter Munk, together with his corporations, Horsham and Barrick Gold\u201d (24). In this agreement, the university will establish a \u201cbusiness-academic relationship,\u201d and that \u201cIn return, the University promised Munk\u2019s project would ‘rank with the University\u2019s highest priorities for the allocation of its other funding, including its own internal resources.’ No mention wass made of the need to protect academic freedom or any other basic University policy\u201d (24).<\/p>\n

Graham is right to note that \u201cSince Munk, like Rotman, could withdraw funding at any time over the 10 years if dissatisfied with the progress of the Centre, he was in a position to exert enormous influence over the teaching and research activities of the Centre. What, for example, might happen to an untenured faculty member of the Centre who spoke out in ways perceived as contrary to the interests of Horsham or Barrick Gold Corporations?\u201d<\/p>\n

The question that Graham asks is, of course, an important one.\u00a0 What happens when benefactors who donate money to a university disagrees with an untenured faculty member?\u00a0 What happens when benefactors can pull their donations to the University when they are not satisfied with the direction or \u201cvision\u201d of the program?\u00a0 In many regards, we already have answers to some of these questions. Virginia Ashby Sharpe in \u201cOversight, Disclosure, and Integrity in Science<\/a>\u201d writes:<\/p>\n

We have also seen cases of institutional retaliation against researchers who have gone up against pharmaceutical manufacturers when their research indicated harmful effects.\u00a0 One case involves the University of Toronto.\u00a0 When Nancy Oliveri broke her confidentiality agreement and published unfavorable results regarding the drug deferiprone (used to treat the hereditary blood disease thalassemia), the university attempted to dismiss her.\u00a0 The same institution, which received a $1.5-million gift from the Eli Lilly company, rescinded its job offer to David Healy when he was publicly critical of the Eli Lilly drug Prozac.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

All of this raises a further question:\u00a0 Would the University ever consider disbanding or disestablishing an entire program if the values and instruction of that program ran counter to the values or expectations of a benefactor?\u00a0 These seem to be important questions that need to be asked these days, especially in light of an Academic Plan which calls for the closure of several language programs to form a \u201cSchool of Languages and Literatures\u201d (now in search of a benefactor) and the complete destruction of other programs, such as Comparative Literature, Diaspora and Transnational Studies, and, of course, the Centre for Ethics.<\/p>\n

Frye in his “Commencement Address at Carlton University,” delivered on May 17th, 1957, observes:<\/p>\n

As John Stuart Mill proved a century ago, the basis of all freedom is academic freedom of thought and discussion.\u00a0 You have had that here, because you are responsible for carrying it into society.\u00a0 I know the staff of Carlton fairly well, and I know that none of them would try to adjust you or integrate you with your society.\u00a0 They have done all they could do to detach you from it, to wean you from the maternal bosom of Good Housekeeping<\/em> and the Reader’s Digest, <\/em>the pneumatic bliss of the North American way of life.\u00a0 They have tried to teach you to compare your society’s ideas with Plato’s, its language with Shakespeare’s, its calculations with Newton’s, its love with the love of the saints.\u00a0 Being dissatisfied with society is the price we pay for being free men and women.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

That price we pay, of course, is something we choose for ourselves as scholars.\u00a0 It is not something to be negotiated because scholars are not to be bought or sold.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The University of Toronto has many claims to fame.\u00a0 It has a stellar academic reputation, one of the best libraries in the country, some of Canada\u2019s finest faculty, and Maclean\u2019s consistently ranks it as one of the best universities, if not the best, in the country.\u00a0 That being said, the University of Toronto has adopted […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"yoast_head":"\nAdvancement versus Academic Freedom - The Educated Imagination<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/2010\/10\/21\/advancement-versus-academic-freedom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Advancement versus Academic Freedom - 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