{"id":19773,"date":"2011-01-04T00:01:57","date_gmt":"2011-01-04T05:01:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fryeblog.blog.lib.mcmaster.ca\/?p=19773"},"modified":"2011-01-04T00:01:57","modified_gmt":"2011-01-04T05:01:57","slug":"frye-and-the-mythographers-topics-for-further-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/2011\/01\/04\/frye-and-the-mythographers-topics-for-further-study\/","title":{"rendered":"Frye and the Mythographers: Topics for Further Study"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Cross-posted in the Denham Library <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0English Mythographers from the Middle Ages to the Late Nineteenth Century<\/p>\n

The roots of Frye\u2019s expansive vision of culture have often been remarked.\u00a0 Blake and the Bible are obviously central to the development of his ideas, and much has been written about Frye\u2019s debts to both.\u00a0 Much has been written as well about other significant influences on Frye: Nella Cotrupi\u2019s book on Frye and Vico, Glen Gill\u2019s study of Frye and twentieth\u2011century mythographers (Eliade, Jung, and others), and Ford Russell\u2019s account of the influence of Spengler, Frazer, and Cassirer on Frye.[1]<\/a> But Frye was familiar with the work of a number of other mythographers, and their influence on his thinking warrants investigation.<\/p>\n

Blake being a mythological poet, Frye had to school himself early on in myth.\u00a0 The sources of his reading here are not wholly known but we do have a fairly complete list of the mythographers that he began to assimilate at the beginning of his career.\u00a0 In The Critical Path Frye observed that \u201c[s]tudents of mythology often acquire the primitive qualities of mythopoeic poets. I have read a good many of them, from medieval writers through Bacon and Henry Reynolds and Warburton and Jacob Bryant and Ruskin to our own time, and I have noted two things in particular.\u00a0 First, a high proportion of them are cranks, even nuts, and, second, they often show a superstitious reverence for the \u2018wisdom of the ancients\u2019\u201d (CW 27, 67).\u00a0\u00a0 In the 1960s Frye wrote a preface to a collection of essays in myth criticism, covering the period from the fourteenth through the nineteenth centuries, that aim of which was \u201conly to relate the study of mythology to the criticism of literature\u201d (CW 25, 327).\u00a0 The book was never published, and we do not have a table of contents, but from what Frye says in the preface and from his correspondence about the volume (see Frye\u2019s letter to Richard Schoeck in Selected Letters, 82) we have a good sense of what he considered to be the principal documents in the use of mythology to study literature in the English tradition from Gower to Ruskin:<\/p>\n

John Gower, Confessio amantis<\/em> (ca. 1386\u201393)<\/p>\n

William Camden, Britannia<\/em> (1586; English ed. 1610)<\/p>\n

The opening of Samuel Purchas, Purchas, his Pilgrimage; or, Relations of the World and the Religions Observed in All Ages<\/em> (1613)<\/p>\n

Sir Walter Raleigh, History of the World<\/em> (1614)<\/p>\n

Francis Bacon, Wisdom of the Ancients<\/em> (1619)<\/p>\n

Henry Reynolds, Mythomystes<\/em> (ca. 1630)<\/p>\n

George Sandys, Ovid\u2019s Metamorphosis<\/em> (1632)<\/p>\n

Sir Isaac Newton, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica<\/em> (1687)<\/p>\n

Bishop William Warburton, The Divine Legation of Moses (1737\u201341)<\/em><\/p>\n

Paul Henri Mallet, Northern Antiquities<\/em> (1770)<\/p>\n

Jacob Bryant, A New System, or an Analysis of Ancient Mythology<\/em> (1774)<\/p>\n

Edward Davies, Celtic Researches on the Origin, Traditions and Languages of the Ancient Britons<\/em> (1804)<\/p>\n

James Payn (1830\u201398)<\/p>\n

John Ruskin, Queen of the Air: Being a Study of the Greek Myths of Cloud and Storm<\/em> (1869)<\/p>\n

Frye adds from the twentieth century:<\/p>\n

J.F. Newton, The Builders<\/em> (1914)<\/p>\n

Jessie Weston, From Ritual to Romance<\/em> (1920)<\/p>\n

G. Wilson Knight (1897\u20131985)[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

The influence on Frye of these writers, mostly from the English tradition, has not been studied.\u00a0 What is it about Mythomystes that leads Frye to say that Henry Reynolds in \u201cthe greatest critic before Johnson\u201d? (CW 5, 236).\u00a0 What is it about Bryant and Davies that causes Frye to call them \u201cthe Frazers of their time\u201d? (CW 14, 176).\u00a0 Frye says that the scholarship of Mallet\u2019s Northern Antiquities <\/em>influenced the eighteenth\u2011Century poets (CW 17, 36).\u00a0 How did it influence him?\u00a0 Why was Frye so intrigued by what Purchas said about Solomon\u2019s temple?\u00a0 What was it about Sandys\u2019s translation of Ovid that caused Frye to see it as an allegorical handbook?\u00a0 And so on.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0European Mythographers<\/p>\n

Nor has Frye studies paid much attention to the influence of the non\u2011English mythographers on his work.\u00a0 The central figures in this tradition are, by Frye\u2019s own account, \u201cPlato, Cicero, Ovid, Plutarch, Augustine, Macrobius, Boccaccio, Ficino, Pico, Bruno, Natalis Comes and similar authors of Renaissance mythological handbooks, rising to a climax with Vico in the eighteenth century, continuing with, Hamann, Herder and the Grimms in the nineteenth, and concluding with Sorel and others who have grasped some of the social and existential implications of myth\u201d (CW 25, 327).<\/p>\n

What are the implications of myth that Frye finds in these sixteen mythographers?<\/p>\n

The other major period of mythographic speculation is, of course, the twentieth century, with all of its developments from the work of Frazer, Freud, Jung, the Cambridge anthropologists, Langer, Cassirer, and Graves, among others\u2013\u2013to which Frye studies has, as I say, paid some attention.\u00a0 But even here our understanding of how these mythographers shaped Frye though is not complete.<\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a>Caterina Nella Cotrupi, Northrop Frye and the Poetics of Process (Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2000); Glen Robert Gill, Northrop Frye and the Phenomenology of Myth (Toronto: U of Toronto P, 2006); Ford Russell, Northrop Frye on Myth: An Introduction (New York: Garland, 1998).<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> This list is reconstructed from \u201cPreface [to Essays on Myth,\u201d CW 25, 326\u20138, and Frye\u2019s letter to Richard Schoeck, 24 November 1965, in Selected Letters, 82.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cross-posted in the Denham Library   1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0English Mythographers from the Middle Ages to the Late Nineteenth Century The roots of Frye\u2019s expansive vision of culture have often been remarked.\u00a0 Blake and the Bible are obviously central to the development of his ideas, and much has been written about Frye\u2019s debts to both.\u00a0 Much has […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[16,103],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19773","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bob-denham","category-myth"],"yoast_head":"\nFrye and the Mythographers: Topics for Further Study - 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