{"id":2046,"date":"2009-09-08T14:48:04","date_gmt":"2009-09-08T18:48:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fryeblog.blog.lib.mcmaster.ca\/?p=2046"},"modified":"2009-09-08T14:48:04","modified_gmt":"2009-09-08T18:48:04","slug":"some-notes-on-frye-and-blunden-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/2009\/09\/08\/some-notes-on-frye-and-blunden-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Some Notes on Frye and Blunden (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Edmund

Edmund Blunden in 1938<\/p><\/div>\n

The relationship between Frye and his Oxford tutor is, like most human relations, complex.\u00a0 Frye\u2019s attitudes toward Blunden emerge during the course of his correspondence with Helen Kemp (Frye).\u00a0 Blunden\u2019s view of Frye is more difficult to untangle.\u00a0 Other than Frye\u2019s statements about Blunden in the Frye\u2011Kemp<\/a> letters, I think Frye makes only five references to his tutor.\u00a0 In a 1942 diary entry<\/a>, he mentions Blunden in passing: \u201cI\u2019d like to write an article on Everyman prudery sometime.\u00a0 Geoffrey of Monmouth; the translator\u2019s smug sneer on p. 248.\u00a0 Malory, according to Blunden\u201d (Diaries <\/em>33).\u00a0 The meaning here is uncertain, but perhaps Frye is remembering a remark of Blunden\u2019s that the Everyman edition of Malory\u2019s Arthur<\/em> had been bowlerdized.\u201d\u00a0 There\u2019s another passing reference in Frye\u2019s foreword to Robin Harris\u2019s English Studies at Toronto<\/em><\/a>. <\/em>In his 1952 diary he remarks that Douglas LePan had visited Blunden in Tokyo (504).\u00a0 The fourth reference comes in a review of C. Day Lewis<\/a>\u2019s translation of Virgil\u2019s Georgics<\/em><\/a>: Frye writes that the translation has \u201cmuch in common with the best of the English bucolic school: with Shanks<\/a>, Blunden, Edward Thomas<\/a>, and Victoria Sackville-West<\/a>\u2019s The Land<\/em>\u201d (Poetry: A Magazine of Verse<\/em> 71 [March 1948]: 337-8).\u00a0 Then in a review of Robert Graves<\/a>\u2019s Collected Poems<\/em> Frye writes that Graves is closer in technique to Blunden than to Eliot (Hudson Review<\/em><\/a> 9 [Summer 1956]: 298).<\/p>\n

These remarks are inconsequential for understanding the Frye\u2011Blunden relationship. \u00a0In an interview with Valerie Schatzker Frye reports that Blunden \u201cwas a rather shy, diffident man.\u201d \u00a0At least they had those traits in common.\u00a0 Then Frye adds, signaling an enormous difference, \u201cfor some bloody reason, which I\u2019ve never figured out, he was pro\u2011Nazi.\u00a0 I didn\u2019t know who to blame for that.\u201d\u00a0 In a letter to Helen (28 May 1937) Frye wrote that \u201cBlunden came back from Germany full of enthusiasm for the Nazis.\u201d\u00a0 Blunden was in fact accused in 1939 of being a Nazi sympathizer.\u00a0 Here\u2019s the way his politics is presented on the Edmund Blunden website, established by his family:<\/p>\n

In April 1940 Edmund wrote to the Times to deplore plans to bomb German cities, fearing for the inevitable killing and wounding of civilians. As a result, Annie\u2019s [Annie was the German wife of Blunden\u2019s brother] home in Tonbridge was raided by the police who took all [his wife] Sylva\u2019s letters to Edmund, and returned to the house to go through all Edmund\u2019s books.\u00a0 Edmund told the Warden of Merton that he had already written to his old Commanding Officer, [Col. Harrison in Undertones of War<\/em>] to offer his services, and soon found himself in uniform again as an officer in the University\u2019s Officers Training Corps.<\/p>\n

Blunden was not interested in politics but was vehemently opposed to war. He refused to be drawn into the politics of pacifism. His refusal to politically engage in the late 1930\u2019s led to him being labelled a Nazi and subsequently, in the 1950s, a communist, following his visit to China, shortly after the end of the Korean war.\u00a0 His belief in the fundamental goodness of the ordinary man and the need to avoid war at all costs, consistently led him to being politically misunderstood, particularly during the tumultuous events of the 1930s.\u00a0 He used his writing, public speaking and visits to Germany in an ambassadorial attempt to influence opinion against any recurrence of the 1914-18 conflagration.\u00a0 This was emphatically not a political voice but one that believed in bringing nations together by talking to each other and building strong human ties.\u00a0 He was convinced that were his battle-weary generation in positions of power, war would naturally be averted.\u00a0 He was devastated when it became clear that lessons from the tragedy of the Great War were being ignored and in many cases trodden upon. (http:\/\/www.edmundblunden.org\/productservice.php?productserviceid=299<\/a>)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

It would be interesting to see what Barry Webb\u2019s biography of Blunden<\/a> has to say about this.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

To assess Frye\u2019s perception of Blunden we have to turn to his correspondence.\u00a0 After his first encounter with his tutor, Frye wrote to Helen on 11 October 1936, \u201cBlunden seems a very good head and quite prepared to be friendly. \u00a0Gentle soul on the whole, I should think, but with an unfortunate propensity to assume I know more about the subject than he does.\u201d\u00a0 Then on 20 October he writes, \u201cI\u2019ve worked very hard most of the week, on my first paper for Blunden. \u00a0It was on Chaucer\u2019s early poems, which are all in the usual symbolic, visionary form of medieval poetry, and as that happens to be the kind of poetry I know how to read, the paper grew and grew as I worked on it\u2014I spent every waking hour of Saturday, Sunday and Monday on it, practically. \u00a0Blunden said very flattering things about it, but he obviously isn\u2019t very fresh on Chaucer. That\u2019s the weakness of the tutorial system, I think: the tutor has to pretend to know everything when he doesn\u2019t, like a public school teacher. \u00a0Not that Blunden bothers to pretend much. \u00a0I think he likes me, and spoke of taking me out to see Blenheim palace. \u00a0However, he absolutely declines to take the initiative in deciding what papers I am to write. \u00a0Next week I tackle Troilus and Criseyde<\/a>, & may do something with Shakespeare\u2019s Troilus and Cressida<\/a> too. I should be rather good on the Shakespeare\u2014I just gave that play a careful reading almost exactly a year ago, and it did something to me\u2014seemed to numb something in me, or paralyze a nerve centre somewhere. I\u2019ve never been the same man since.\u201d\u00a0 Blunden, Frye wrote to Pelham Edgar<\/a>, \u201clistened patiently and wisely to my burblings for a good many tutorial hours\u201d (9 August 1948).<\/p>\n

The record of the essays that Frye wrote for Blunden is incomplete, but during the first year he wrote, in addition to the Chaucer essays (the only ones that survived), papers on Wyatt<\/a> and Fulke Greville<\/a>, and he appears to have written essays on Sidney<\/a> and Lyly<\/a> as well.\u00a0 For his second\u2011year tutorials (1938-39) he read papers on Crashaw<\/a> and Herbert<\/a>, Vaughan<\/a>, Traherne<\/a>, Herrick<\/a>, Marvell<\/a>, and Cowley<\/a>, on the Dark Ages, on the character book, on King Lear<\/em>, on the anatomy, and on the history of the language.\u00a0 After his first year, he wrote to Roy Daniells that \u201cBlunden is so much like God\u2013\u2013very inspiring to talk to as long as you do the talking.\u201d\u00a0 And Frye did a great deal of talking.\u00a0 If his estimate of producing 5,000 to 6,000 words per week is accurate, his steady output resulted in about 100,000 words altogether.\u00a0 Frye sent the papers he had written during his first year to Pelham Edgar, who in turn passed them along to Roy Daniells.\u00a0 Neither they nor his second\u2011year papers have ever turned up.<\/p>\n

In December 1936 Frye wrote to Pelham Edgar that Blunden was \u201cquite satisfied\u201d with his work, although Blunden \u201cgot very tired\u201d at listening to Frye\u2019s papers (letter to Roy Daniells, June 1937). \u00a0And in an end\u2011of-year report to Walter T. Brown, principal of Victoria College, Frye wrote, \u201cI have been working at Oxford I should think fairly well\u2013\u2013at least my tutor Mr. Blunden has given me quite good term reports and seems to be interested in me, so I should like very much to be able to complete the course next year.\u201d\u00a0 He reported also that Blunden had promised to introduce him to the eminent Blake scholar, Geoffrey Keynes<\/a>, which in fact Blunden did.\u00a0 In another end\u2011of\u2011year report to Pelham Edgar, Frye said about his Blake manuscript that \u201cMr. Blunden has high hopes for its publication and suggests Faber & Faber as a first venture.\u00a0 I don\u2019t really think that it will finally not be accepted.\u201d\u00a0 Blunden, who had \u201cconsiderable hope for publication,\u201d recommended that Frye send half of his manuscript to Faber & Faber.<\/p>\n

If Blunden was initially enthusiastic about Frye\u2019s Blake project, by the second year his zeal had been redirected.\u00a0 He saw that Frye had the ability to earn a first in the \u201cschools,\u201d and so he encouraged him to postpone the Blake and concentrate on his exams.\u00a0 Here\u2019s Frye\u2019s account of the matter to Edward W. Wallace, president and chancellor of Victoria University: \u201cWhen I came to Oxford [for my second year] Blunden was quite determined, for so mild a man, that I should postpone trying to get the Blake published and concentrate on my exams.\u00a0 All his overseas students turned up with seconds and thirds last year, so he\u2019s backing me this year.\u00a0 I think I may say, after deliberate and mature reflection, that I do not care two hoots on a penny whistle whether I get a first or not: yet I worked fairly hard last term.\u00a0 The sort of glib precocity one needs for examinations does not appeal to me much as a goal; but now that I have discovered that I can make a fairly good teacher I have something tangible to work for. I not only have a vocation: I am beginning to find out what the word \u2018vocation\u2019 means\u201d (letter of 13 January 1939).<\/p>\n

Now, in Frye\u2019s own words, from his letters to Helen from his first year at Oxford (several of these passages are quoted in part in John Ayre\u2019s biography<\/a>):<\/p>\n

After his second tutorial:\u00a0 \u201cThe work is going strong\u2014I keep putting a hell of a lot of work into my papers. I have just finished the Troilus and Criseyde thing. \u00a0I didn’t get into the Shakespeare, as there were 8000 lines of the Chaucer, and I think I worked as hard over it as I ever did over those theological essays that used to bring in such an impressive list of firsts. \u00a0I think Blunden approves all right, but his main interest is in things like natural imagery of the 19th c type. I can’t write about that intelligently, as I don’t think in those terms, and neither did Chaucer. \u00a0So what Blunden says is that the paper is a very fine piece of work, that Chaucer was quite a poet, that that picture on the wall he bought for ten pounds at an auction, and the catalogue described it as School of Poussin<\/a> and dated it around 1710: would I give him an opinion on the date? also the next time I pass St. Aldate\u2019s Church, would I take a look at the font cover there, which has been varnished out of existence, and which looks medieval, but is, he thinks, sixteenth\u2011century Flemish work done in a medieval tradition, and let him know what I think about it? \u00a0So I get up and stare solemnly at his bloody picture, and then announce that my opinion on the date of a bastard Poussin is not worth a damn, and that my qualifications for pronouncing on Flemish font covers are exactly nil. \u00a0Well, no, I let him down easier than that, so that he thinks I know far more about it than I actually do\u2014you know my methods, Watson. I can see where I shall have to marry you and make you live with me at Oxford next year in sheer self\u2011defence. . . . So far I\u2019ve gone to two lectures, one by Blunden and one by Abercrombie. They\u2019re rather bad, but I may go to some more, as it\u2019s a good way of meeting some of the other people in the course. \u00a0The method of lecturing is very similar to the sort of thing you described at the Courtauld\u2014an endless niggling over minutiae and in hopeless disproportion to the very general scope of the course\u201d (27 October 1936).<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019ve got a piano moved in. I ordered a typewriter, but it didn\u2019t come, so I think I\u2019ll let it go\u2014Blunden never asks to see my papers. . . . Blunden improves. \u00a0He threw flowers at my feet yesterday, I think because my paper was clever, vague and short\u2014Canterbury Tales<\/a>. \u00a0Told me I\u2019d made a real contribution to criticism, etc. etc., and then talked about Blake for the rest of the hour\u201d (3 November 1936)<\/p>\n

\u201cI had a tutorial again with Blunden last night. \u00a0Blunden was vague again\u2014obviously doesn\u2019t quite know what to do with me but would like to be helpful. \u00a0I shall have to be careful with that man. \u00a0I mentioned Skelton<\/a>, and referred to a very bad editor of Skelton as a congenital idiot. \u00a0Blunden was tickled\u2014he had written a very unfavorable review of that very edition, and had received a rather abusive letter from the said editor in consequence. \u00a0It was the right remark, but I could just as easily have made it about one of his friends. \u00a0Speaking of wrong remarks, this man Baine made one, I think. \u00a0Recently Blunden gave a very good lecture on a minor 18th century poet called Young<\/a>, and had a swell time quoting bad passages from him, quoting jokes on him, and setting his inflated ideas beside his achievements. \u00a0As we were coming out of the lecture, I said to Baine: \u2018There\u2019s no doubt that a bad poet provides better material for a good lecture than a good one.\u2019 \u00a0This went away down into Baine\u2019s subconsciousness somewhere, and next day he had a tutorial with Blunden, who asked him something about the lectures he was attending. Baine started a long harangue which went definitely to show that most of the lecturing around here was extremely bad, and after complaining lustily for ten minutes, suddenly realized that it was high time to start exempting present company. \u00a0So, realizing like many a good scholar before him, that the best way of saying exactly the right thing would be to quote me, he said: \u2018I enjoyed your lecture on Young very much, but then I suppose it\u2019s easier to lecture on a bad poet than a good one.\u2019\u201d (10 November 1936)<\/p>\n

\u201cBlunden last night. \u00a0Paper on Wyatt: by no means a bad paper, though not very well organized: I didn\u2019t start writing it until ten that morning, and the splutter over addle\u2011headed critics as aforesaid also interfered. \u00a0Blunden said he had noticed that all his students who really understood what poetry was about liked Wyatt, which was no doubt a compliment. \u00a0That man must listen to my papers more carefully than I thought. \u00a0I was listening to a lecture of his on Chesterton last Wednesday in which I suddenly heard a paraphrase of a passage in the last paper I read him, followed by an application of the general principle it embodied to Chesterton. \u00a0After the lecture he nodded cheerfully at me and said: \u2018I stole from you, but unwillingly: and it was only petty larceny anyhow.\u2019 \u00a0I\u2019m just going to take what Blake there is over to him: I want the \u2018favorable half\u2011yearly report\u2019 to get to Ottawa before the end of term.\u201d (17 November 1936)<\/p>\n

\u201cI have decided not to write a paper for Blunden tonight. \u00a0I\u2019m going to go in and twist his neck with my bare hands. \u00a0I\u2019ve scared the shit out of him, in the Burwash phrase, and I\u2019m just beginning to realize it, and to comprehend why he gives me that dying\u2011duck reproachful stare every time I finish reading a paper to him. \u00a0He returned the Blake with the remark that it was pretty stiff going for him, as he wasn\u2019t much accustomed to thinking in philosophical terms. \u00a0I could have told him that there was a little girl in Toronto who could follow it all right, without making any more claims as a philosopher and far less as a student of English literature. \u00a0So I think I\u2019ll start cooing to him\u201d (30 November 1936)<\/p>\n

\u201cI\u2019ve been invited to Blackpool for Christmas, but there\u2019d be no point in my going\u2014I should get to London. \u00a0Several people have offered to lend me money, including Blunden, but I haven\u2019t taken it\u2014I may regret that later, of course\u201d (11 December 1936).<\/p>\n

\u201cI was examined last day of term by all the dons and the warden, the process being known as a donrag. Said donrag lasted ninety seconds, & consisted of a speech by Blunden and a purr from the warden. . . . I don\u2019t think Blunden liked my thesis much\u2014he said something vague about all the sentences being the same length\u2014what I think he really resents is the irrefutable proof that Blake had a brain. \u00a0I am afraid I shall have to ignore him and just go ahead.\u201d (17 December 1936).<\/p>\n

\u201cBlunden was very pleased with my exam and said nice things. \u00a0I was disgusted with it myself. \u00a0If I can make that impression when half asleep, more than half sick and execrably prepared, I ought to be all right on Schools. . . . Blunden has asked me to supper this week\u201d (19 January 1937).<\/p>\n

\u201cWell, last Tuesday [Elizabeth Fraser] and a wall\u2011painting restorer named Long and I went to a town near here called Abingdon, where there\u2019s a church with a series of figures on each side of the chancel ceiling. They are kings and prophets alternately, leading up to Christ and the Virgin in the last panel (some of them are out of place), with a tree of Jesse running horizontally underneath them. \u00a0The Christ is a beautiful Lily Crucifix\u2014his body is in an attitude of crucifixion, but there\u2019s no cross\u2014just a lily plant covering him. \u00a0Late 14th century. \u00a0Varnished out of sight, and some disappeared when they took the roof off in 1872 and put it back on again. \u00a0Well, Blunden hasn\u2019t seen these, although they\u2019re in the next town and he (or his wife) has written a book on church architecture in England. \u00a0So he\u2019s coming to see them this week, and he\u2019s coming to tea afterwards, and Elizabeth is coming too. \u2018He probably hates churches,\u2019 says Elizabeth. \u00a0Poor Blunden\u2014but if I didn\u2019t bully him somebody else would\u2014he\u2019s always being bullied by somebody. \u00a0There\u2019s a minor Elizabethan poet named Fulke Greville\u2014a great favorite of Roy\u2019s [Roy Daniells\u2019s] as well as mine, a very intellectual poet and frightfully obscure at times\u2014quite the thing for a Blake student to be interested in. \u00a0After my first tutorial this term I said: \u2018I shall be reading Sidney and Lyly this week, and will probably bring you a paper on Fulke Greville: is that all right?\u2019 \u00a0He said: \u2018Er\u2014oh, yes\u2014certainly\u2014except that I haven\u2019t read much Greville\u2014Aldous Huxley<\/a> is very interested in Greville: he started talking about him once, and all I could muster in the way of quotation was\u2019\u2014he quoted two lines\u2014\u2018it wasn\u2019t much, but I think I had even that counted to me for righteousness.\u2019 \u00a0Blunden and I are definitely going to get along well this term\u2014he\u2019s used to me now, and probably my manners are better than they were at first. \u00a0I went to supper with him one night, with Mike Joseph, the Catholic New Zealander, and had a good time. \u00a0Sherry, white burgundy, and Madeira. \u00a0Mrs. Blunden is small, dark, Armenian, and intentionally vivacious, with large brilliant eyes and a kind of electric intelligence that turns on and off. . . . Fulke Greville has been keeping me busy\u2014like Blake, his religious, philosophical & political views are all in one piece, and it would take at least a month\u2019s solid work to read all of him and tie him all up in a neat little sack. I had only a week\u2014there\u2019s no good modern edition (Roy wants to do one, but I\u2019m afraid various people are beating him to it) and there was a baldheaded johnny who had reserved all the books in the Bodleian, so I had to beg all the books from him. \u00a0I had one of my seizures, and worked every day until my eyes gave out for a week on that paper. \u00a0Blunden liked it very much, I think. \u00a0These essays I\u2019m doing are mostly publishable, I should imagine: certainly I\u2019ve collected a lot of material for future books.\u201d (3 February 1937)<\/p>\n

\u201cI read my anatomy paper to Blunden last night. \u00a0He said I had two hundred very saleable pages there, but that Jane Austen<\/a>\u2019s admirers would just read my one sentence on her and conclude that there was rape afoot. \u00a0He lives, somewhat like Ned Pratt, in mortal terror of the scholars, including at times me. \u00a0It\u2019s probably the effect of living with Nichol Smith. \u00a0Anyway, he asked me what he should lecture on next term, so I drew up all the harmless names I could think of in the 17th c: he said he was tired of the 18th and 19th and was afraid of the scholars of the 16th\u201d (9 February 1937).<\/p>\n

\u201cBlunden I\u2019ve stopped writing papers for\u2014we\u2019ve become quite good friends. \u00a0He was complaining yesterday that anthologists seemed to be interested only in his very early poems, and said that most people on meeting him expected to see a rustic of sixty\u2011five [Blunden was 40 at the time]. \u00a0He\u2019s a shrewd lad: I told him I wanted to write an essay on the Piers Plowman<\/a> poems after I got through with Blake, as they were the nearest thing to the Blake Prophecies in English literature. \u00a0He told me I\u2019d have to learn to edit texts, and said if I could prefix my essay on the Piers Plowman poems to an edition of them, however bad, I might make fifty pounds, but if I just published the essay I\u2019d be \u2018out three pounds nineteen six and several drinks\u2019\u201d (9 March 1937)<\/p>\n

[A later post will excerpt some passages from the correspondence about Blunden from Frye\u2019s second year at Oxford.]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The relationship between Frye and his Oxford tutor is, like most human relations, complex.\u00a0 Frye\u2019s attitudes toward Blunden emerge during the course of his correspondence with Helen Kemp (Frye).\u00a0 Blunden\u2019s view of Frye is more difficult to untangle.\u00a0 Other than Frye\u2019s statements about Blunden in the Frye\u2011Kemp letters, I think Frye makes only five references […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[16,17,114],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2046","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bob-denham","category-call-for-papers","category-oxford"],"yoast_head":"\nSome Notes on Frye and Blunden (1) - 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