{"id":28257,"date":"2011-11-25T00:01:53","date_gmt":"2011-11-25T05:01:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fryeblog.blog.lib.mcmaster.ca\/?p=28257"},"modified":"2011-11-25T00:01:53","modified_gmt":"2011-11-25T05:01:53","slug":"christopher-batty-more-on-bloom-and-value-judgments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/2011\/11\/25\/christopher-batty-more-on-bloom-and-value-judgments\/","title":{"rendered":"Christopher Batty: More on Bloom and Value Judgments"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Further to Jonathan Allan’s response<\/a> to my earlier post, I\u2019d like to clarify that\u00a0I didn\u2019t mean to imply that Bloom is wrong to have preferences, or wrong about the selections for his poetry anthology. I only intended to rebut Bloom\u2019s erroneous claim \u2013 which he has repeated many times \u2013 that Frye was against value judgments. He wasn\u2019t. Frye made no secret of the fact that he considered Blake the greatest English language poet of his generation, and one of the greatest of all poets. That\u2019s an overt value judgment, and Frye made no effort to conceal it.\u00a0Bloom is entitled to like or dislike whatever he chooses. But it is unfair that he keeps repeating false claims about Frye. His hostility appears to have grown over time, and he seems to mention Frye frequently in interviews these days, but always misleadingly and always entirely to Frye’s detriment.<\/p>\n

Frye’s point about value judgments is that any attempt to approach literary criticism based upon them is a dead-end. I love Shakespeare, but Bloom\u2019s incessant bleat about Shakespeare\u2019s supremacy over all other writers gets in the way of his ability to say anything fresh about the plays. And the assertion is unproveable. What does Bloom’s assessment even mean? Is it really the case that Shakespeare was wiser and smarter than all<\/em> other writers in all<\/em> ways? Bloom is entitled to his opinion, but what good does it do to hammer away at this point?<\/p>\n

And what if he\u2019s wrong? It might seem foolhardy to question the supremacy of Shakespeare, yet surely there are crucial ways in which someone like Chekhov, for example, could be considered a greater artist. Nobody ever spoke the way Hamlet speaks. Chekhov’s greater mimetic realism makes him, in some crucial ways, more accessible, just as Vermeer\u2019s or Rembrandt\u2019s paintings are in some ways more accessible than Michelangelo\u2019s titanic renditions.<\/p>\n

Yet this is the sort of thing Bloom doesn\u2019t even like to think about. Artists are constantly being ranked: Shakespeare is #1, Dante is #2, Joyce is #3. . . It is silly and pointless. Recently, he declared Beckett the greatest English language writer of the 20th century, surpassing Conrad, Woolf, Lawrence. How is Beckett \u201cbetter\u201d than Conrad? They deal with different aspects of existence and illuminate different experiences of life. Where do we go next with this sort of critical criteria? Are we going to declare Mozart superior to Beethoven and Bach? Or maybe it is Bach who’s the supreme musical genius. But then again, it must be Beethoven because of the symphonies. It is always possible to play this parlor game, but it can only remain a parlor game.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Bloom has become an involuntary parody of the sort of critic Frye warned about. For instance, Bloom despises Poe; he claims Poe’s writing has no value, and that he \u201cinaugurated precisely nothing.\u201d But Poe was perhaps the first American writer to inaugurate a peculiar genre of his own, a combination of horror, fantasy, sardonic humor and science (Poe seems to have been keenly interested in the sciences) which, in my view, paves the way for a modern form of \u201canatomy\u201d (in Frye’s sense of the term), such as Pynchon\u2019s Gravity’s Rainbow<\/em>, a work both Bloom and Frye consider a masterpiece.<\/p>\n

Everyone makes value judgments. We cannot dispense with them, nor should we want to. But an obsessive, relentless overemphasis on value judgments is harmful. While Bloom ranks Pynchon as the major living American novelist, it is also obvious that\u00a0Gravity’s Rainbow<\/em> was crucially influenced by several writers, \u201cprecursors\u201d whom Bloom simply has no use for, such as Joseph Heller, William S. Burroughs, and even the detested Poe. In\u00a0The Western Canon<\/em>, Bloom argues that Pynchon amalgamates\u00a0Nathaniel\u00a0West and S. J. Perelman; I guess you could argue thatThe Crying of Lot 49\u00a0<\/em>derives from\u00a0Miss Lonelyhearts.<\/em>\u00a0But Gravity’s Rainbow<\/em> owes a more serious debt to Heller’s\u00a0Catch 22<\/em> and Burroughs’\u00a0Naked Lunch; <\/em>Burroughs’\u00a0blackly comic scenes of sex and violence in particular.<\/p>\n

Bloom never comes to terms with this. The reason he doesn\u2019t, I believe, is that he doesn\u2019t like to admit that writers he respects draw “strength” from writers he finds worthless. There\u2019s an element of unconscious Puritanism to Bloom\u2019s approach. He explicitly states that \u201conly strength can join itself to strength\u201d \u2013 yet Pynchon clearly \u201cjoined himself\u201d to writers Bloom considers \u201cweak.\u201d \u00a0All he can do in response is to falsify these obvious relations in order to prop up a bizarre, ultimately untenable theory of literary descent, his so-called \u201canxiety of influence.”<\/p>\n

Here’s one last example: I suspect that the main reason Bloom can find nothing of interest in Philip Larkin\u2019s verse is that Larkin owes a good deal to T.S Eliot. Since we know how much Bloom dislikes Eliot, and how badly he wants Eliot\u2019s stock to lose value in what Frye calls the literary stock market, he can hardly have time for a poetic descendant of Eliot’s. Ashbery, by contrast, whom Bloom has tirelessly championed since the early 1970s, is an obvious descendant of Wallace Stevens. If Ashbery is the poetic genius Bloom makes him out to be, that could only be in Stevens\u2019 favor. If, however, Larkin is the great poet of his generation, it would be a boon to Eliot\u2019s reputation, and that’s something Bloom simply will not allow. Bloom would probably vehemently deny that these sorts of personal prejudices and grudges get in the way of his judgment, but it is fair to suggest that they apply to him as much to anyone else who places value upon judgment with no reference to anything but personal preference.<\/p>\n

Bloom\u2019s obsession with ranking and canonization often leads him astray. It interferes with his ability to produce actual criticism. This is a danger Frye was well aware of, and that<\/em> is what he was getting at with regard to value judgments. He wasn\u2019t trying to turn readers into critical automatons reflexively enumerating archetypes; he was trying to make criticism more intelligible, more responsive, more practical. I think his lesson has gone largely unheeded, and that\u2019s a shame.<\/p>\n

Frye could have, had he wished, devoted any number of books to the glorification of his own tastes, as Bloom likes to do. Instead he wrote works like\u00a0Fearful Symmetry<\/em>. Frye makes the case for Blake not by badgering and berating the reader, but by presenting the most cogent interpretation of Blake\u2019s work he was capable of producing. That’s what genuine criticism does.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Further to Jonathan Allan’s response to my earlier post, I\u2019d like to clarify that\u00a0I didn\u2019t mean to imply that Bloom is wrong to have preferences, or wrong about the selections for his poetry anthology. I only intended to rebut Bloom\u2019s erroneous claim \u2013 which he has repeated many times \u2013 that Frye was against value […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[92],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-literary-criticism"],"yoast_head":"\nChristopher Batty: More on Bloom and Value Judgments - The Educated Imagination<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/2011\/11\/25\/christopher-batty-more-on-bloom-and-value-judgments\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Christopher Batty: More on Bloom and Value Judgments - The Educated Imagination\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Further to Jonathan Allan’s response to my earlier post, I\u2019d like to clarify that\u00a0I didn\u2019t mean to imply that Bloom is wrong to have preferences, or wrong about the selections for his poetry anthology. 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