{"id":3346,"date":"2009-09-29T13:46:32","date_gmt":"2009-09-29T17:46:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fryeblog.blog.lib.mcmaster.ca\/?p=3346"},"modified":"2009-09-29T13:46:32","modified_gmt":"2009-09-29T17:46:32","slug":"jonathan-allan-writing-in-the-shadows-of-theory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/2009\/09\/29\/jonathan-allan-writing-in-the-shadows-of-theory\/","title":{"rendered":"Jonathan Allan: Writing in the Shadows of Theory"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2009\/09\/agree-with-theory1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-15744\" src=\"http:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2009\/09\/agree-with-theory1.jpg\" alt=\"agree-with-theory\" width=\"473\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2009\/09\/agree-with-theory1.jpg 473w, https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/4\/2009\/09\/agree-with-theory1-300x277.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 473px) 100vw, 473px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Joe\u00a0Ad<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/Users\/User\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/moz-screenshot.png\" alt=\"\" \/>amson very graciously provided a<a href=\"http:\/\/fryeblog.blog.lib.mcmaster.ca\/2009\/09\/27\/reply-to-jonathan-allan-invasion-of-the-body-snatchers\/\" target=\"_blank\"> lengthy response<\/a> to my initial posting \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/fryeblog.blog.lib.mcmaster.ca\/2009\/09\/26\/jonathan-allen-finding-frye\/\" target=\"_blank\">Finding Frye<\/a>\u201d and highlights yet another level of the history of ideas and Frye\u2019s place in these ideas.\u00a0 I distinguished myself from Bob Denham&#8217;s experience in the 1960s, and now\u00a0Joe has rightly pointed out another side of this history \u2013 coming of age during the theory boom in the early 1980s.\u00a0 Though we all think we have unique positions, what is striking is our relation to theory: before theory, theory, and after theory.\u00a0 Well, I do not believe in an \u201cAfter theory\u201d because we are always theorizing as we read; but, the High House of Theory seems to have reached its potential, or perhaps it is in search of a renaissance of sorts.\u00a0 Recently, I read that the last great book of theory was written in the late 80s, early 90s; the author of the article cited <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eve_Kosofsky_Sedgwick\" target=\"_blank\">Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick<\/a>\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?id=KMhUa25EPkIC&amp;pg=PP1&amp;dq=Epistemology+of+the+Closet&amp;ei=d0LCSvHvGY7-zQT43pWBBA#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Epistemology of the Closet<\/em><\/a>, which is, at the very least, one of the finest examples of the potential of close reading alongside a practice of critical theory.\u00a0 Sedgwick was a rare critic \u2013 she had a political intention, but also a fidelity to textuality.<\/p>\n<p>As some readers are likely noting here, there is a sympathetic tone in my writing when speaking about theory.\u00a0 It is a tone of respect, I imagine.\u00a0 I respect theory but I also feel committed to not being committed to theory.\u00a0 When I started graduate school (actually, when I started university), the major movers and shakers in my discipline almost seemed pass\u00e9, for they were part of an historical process that seemed complete.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fredric_Jameson\" target=\"_blank\">Fredric Jameson<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jacques_Derrida\" target=\"_blank\">Jacques Derrida<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak\" target=\"_blank\">Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edward_Said\" target=\"_blank\">Edward Said<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Homi_K._Bhabha\" target=\"_blank\">Homi Bhabha<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judith_Butler\" target=\"_blank\">Judith Butler<\/a>, and the list goes on and on (as readers of the <a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.ca\/books?id=akU2PwAACAAJ&amp;dq=Norton+Anthology+of+Criticism&amp;ei=XETCSou9OZeIyQSl6p32Aw\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Norton Anthology of Criticism<\/em><\/a> can attest), had published works which were no longer \u201cnew\u201d but rather were \u201ccommonplace.\u201d\u00a0 I had always read text alongside theory, theory alongside text.\u00a0 There was never a time when I wasn\u2019t aware of theory as a scholar of literature.\u00a0 I had no canon from which to depart, even literary history was in doubt.\u00a0 \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Death_of_the_author\" target=\"_blank\">The author is dead<\/a>\u201d was one of the central claims that I had heard time and time again\u2026strangely, the \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Pleasure_of_the_Text\" target=\"_blank\">pleasure of the text<\/a>\u201d seemed lost. Hostility toward theory hardly seemed revolutionary \u2013 theories are, in many instances, always already hostile (often with one another).\u00a0 To borrow from Frye: the academic stock market is always at play and the <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Criticism\" target=\"_blank\">New Critics<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Structuralism\" target=\"_blank\">Structuralists<\/a>, and Northrop Frye (of course), were not trading well (but they were trading as the <em>Collected Works of Northrop<\/em> Frye suggests).<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>My work has, at least recently, tried to negotiate working with theory rather than against it, but always from a position of deference.\u00a0 Theory is theory and I understand it as such but as I learned with my experiences of studying Frye, wholesale dismissals are never really the answer.\u00a0 Frye was widely rejected and dismissed, but those who study Frye see a different Frye.\u00a0 Likewise, a dismissal of critical theory makes no more sense than a dismissal of Frye.\u00a0 What we seem to lack, in some regards is close reading of critical theory. What happens when deconstruction is deconstructed, queer theory queered, new historicism historicized?\u00a0 Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick at one point did just that when she critiqued Fredric Jameson\u2019s famous dictum Always historicize! (from <em>The Political Unconscious<\/em>, originally delivered by Jameson in his capacity as Northrop Frye Professor of Literary Theory as a series of lectures at the Centre for Comparative Literature at the University of Toronto), she writes: \u201cAlways historicize?\u00a0 What could have less to do with historicizing than the commanding, atemporal adverb \u2018always\u2019?\u00a0 It reminds me of the bumper stickers that instruct people in other cars to \u2018Question Authority.\u2019\u00a0 Excellent advice, perhaps wasted on anyone who does whatever they\u2019re ordered to do by a strip of paper glued to the bumper of an automobile!\u201d (5)\u00a0 Thus, while our impulse might lead us to dismiss theory, it seems \u2013 at least to me \u2013 that the better approach is to read theory critically, to use the master\u2019s tools to deconstruct the master\u2019s house.\u00a0 In this regard, as critics, we begin to hold theory accountable to itself.\u00a0 Indeed, I\u2019m not arguing against theory at all.\u00a0 Instead, theory \u2013 Frygian or otherwise \u2013 must be read closely and questioned based not on the perspectives of another theory but at a metatheoretical re-reading.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, as readers we make decisions about our approaches to text and we cannot engage with a text alone.\u00a0 Northrop Frye rightly points out in the <em>Anatomy of Criticism<\/em> that, \u201cthe centre of the literary universe is whatever poem we happen to be reading.\u00a0 One step further, and the poem appears as a microcosm of all literature, an individual manifestation of the total order of words\u201d (121).\u00a0 It is, I think, in the centripetal and centrifugal movements of reading that we account for theory; theory and text must be read centripetally and centrifugally.<\/p>\n<p>To read Frye today, it seems one must read his work closely but also look closely at the misreadings (a very <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harold_Bloom\" target=\"_blank\">Bloomian<\/a> term here) of his work.\u00a0 The reason for this is because Frye\u2019s influence is ultimately profound.\u00a0 In some regards, my own misreading here would be that literary critics must function in the mode of archetypal criticism in which \u201cthe poet\u2019s conscious knowledge is considered only so far as the poet may allude to or imitate other poets (\u2018sources\u2019) or make a deliberate use of a convention.\u00a0 Beyond that, the poet\u2019s control over his poem stops with the poem.\u00a0 Only the archetypal critic can be concerned with its relationship to the rest of literature\u201d (<em>Anatomy<\/em> 100).<\/p>\n<p>I imagine this reading of critical theory may not enamour all literary scholars, but I am adequately convinced that theory, like text, must be read critically \u2013 and strangely, the place of value judgments with respect to theory is one that is wholly displaced.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Joe\u00a0Adamson very graciously provided a lengthy response to my initial posting \u201cFinding Frye\u201d and highlights yet another level of the history of ideas and Frye\u2019s place in these ideas.\u00a0 I distinguished myself from Bob Denham&#8217;s experience in the 1960s, and now\u00a0Joe has rightly pointed out another side of this history \u2013 coming of age during [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[4,92],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anatomy-of-criticism","category-literary-criticism"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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