{"id":4015,"date":"2009-10-15T00:00:33","date_gmt":"2009-10-15T04:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fryeblog.blog.lib.mcmaster.ca\/?p=4015"},"modified":"2009-10-15T00:00:33","modified_gmt":"2009-10-15T04:00:33","slug":"making-literature-out-of-frye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/macblog.mcmaster.ca\/fryeblog\/2009\/10\/15\/making-literature-out-of-frye\/","title":{"rendered":"Making Literature Out of Frye"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"newdefenders\"

Frye appears in "The Pajusnaya Consignment" (above, July 1984) in Marvel's New Defenders series<\/p><\/div>\n

In addition to Amis\u2019s The Rachel Papers <\/em>Frye has made his way into a number of poems, plays, novels, and discursive texts.\u00a0 An earlier post<\/a> catalogued his appearance in contemporary poems.\u00a0 As for the other genres, one of the central characters of David Lodge\u2019s Changing Places<\/em> <\/a>(1974) refers humorously to the perpetual motion of an elevator, \u201ca profoundly poetic machine,\u201d as symbolizing Frye\u2019s theory of modes in Anatomy of Criticism <\/em>(London: Seeker & Warburg, 1975; Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978), 212\u201313.\u00a0 Professor Kingfisher in Lodge\u2019s Small World <\/a><\/em>(1985), a sequel to Changing Places<\/em>, <\/em>is a fictionalized version of Frye.\u00a0 In Thomas King\u2019s Green Grass, <\/em>Running Water <\/em><\/a>Dr. Joseph Hovaugh is modeled on Frye.\u00a0 Here are further examples:<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0 The following bit of dialogue occurs in Frederic Raphael\u2019s <\/a>play, Oxbridge Blues<\/em>, from Oxbridge Blues and Other Plays for Television <\/em>(London: BBC, 1984).\u00a0 Victor is a serious writer.\u00a0 Wendy is his wife:<\/p>\n

Victor<\/em>:\u00a0 I didn\u2019t think you felt like discussing it.<\/p>\n

Wendy<\/em>:\u00a0\u00a0 I don\u2019t even know what \u201cit\u201d is.\u00a0 What is it?\u00a0 I know you\u2019re ridiculously jealous of Pip and you can\u2019t even bring yourself to accept his generosity without looking as though you\u2019d much sooner be reading the collected works of \u2014 of \u2014 of \u2014 oh \u2014 Northrop Frye.<\/p>\n

Victor<\/em>:\u00a0 I would.\u00a0 Much. The Anatomy of Criticism<\/em>, though flawed, was a seminal work in some ways.\u00a0 Why did you happen to choose that name?<\/p>\n

Wendy<\/em>:\u00a0 I wanted someone with a silly name.<\/p>\n

Victor<\/em>: I don\u2019t find Northrop particular silly.<\/p>\n

Wendy<\/em>:\u00a0 Well I do. I find it very silly indeed.\u00a0 Not as silly as you\u2019re being, but still very silly.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u2022\u00a0 From Gail Godwin\u2019s <\/a>The Odd Woman<\/em> (New York:\u00a0 Knopf, 1974), 257\u20138:<\/p>\n

Was Gabriel\u2019s project quixotic?\u00a0 For almost two years, she had vacillated between thinking him a nearsighted fool and a farsighted genius.\u00a0 How could she tell?\u00a0 Surely there must be a way to measure it, but how?\u00a0 After the fact, it became a bit simpler.\u00a0 For instance, in the field of literature, of literary criticism, she knew Northrop Frye was a genius\u2014even though some respectable scholars like Sonia Mark\u2019s husband detested Northrop Frye.\u00a0 Frye\u2019s ideas made sense; they rested on valuable hypotheses; they lit up the entire realm of literature for you.\u00a0 After you had read Frye, you thought of your favorite books as parts of a large family.\u00a0 You not only saw them as you had before, but you saw behind them and in front of them. It was like meeting someone, forming an opinion about this person, then being privileged to meet the person\u2019s parents and grandparents, as well; and then being privileged to meet the person\u2019s children, and grandchildren!\u00a0 Of course, someone like Max Covington would say, The person himself, alone, should be judged.\u00a0 What do parents have to do with it?\u00a0 What do his children have to do with it?\u00a0 They only confuse and diffuse you from the proper study of the object, which is:\u00a0 the object itself.<\/p>\n

She had tried to lift her assurance about Frye\u2014as one might gingerly try to lift an anchovy from its tin and place it, undamaged, on a plate\u2014and transfer it toward her wavering confidence in Gabriel.\u00a0 Surely, during the forties and fifties when Frye was painstakingly filling his wife\u2019s shoe boxes with notecards for Anatomy of Criticism<\/em>, Mrs. Frye had had an occasional qualm.\u00a0 Or had she? After all, Frye had done Fearful Symmetry<\/em> first.\u00a0 She had that to build on.\u00a0 She knew that her first closetful of shoeboxes had come to something.\u00a0 Whereas, with Gabriel, there was only the queer, eccentric little monograph, published half a lifetime ago!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0 From Hazard Adams\u2019s <\/a>The Horses of Instruction<\/em> (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968), 5\u20136.<\/p>\n

For a day at the [MLA] convention, Jack Emory had wandered aimlessly through exhibits, mainly to glance furtively and with secret pride at the display of which his own book was a part. A study of the poets of the nineties, it represented the salvageable matter from what he now saw was a verbose, huge, disorganized doctoral dissertation.\u00a0 Out of idle curiosity on the first evening he had attended a meeting or two. \u00a0He had heard the distinguished medieval scholar Kemp Malone speaking on \u201cChaucer\u2019s Double Consonants and the Final e<\/em>,\u201d sticking it out mainly because he had studied under a man who was always mentioning Kemp Malone.\u00a0 The lady professor from Vassar who followed with a fifteen-minute talk about some aspect of Chaucer sent him, however, in flight to another room. There Northrop Frye, definitely an in figure, was discoursing on Finnegans Wake<\/em>.\u00a0 Following this, his head full of quests and cycles, of mythic patterns and archetypes, and it being 11:30, he went to bed, only to dream a conversation with William Blake on the subject of Charles II.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u2022\u00a0 From Malcolm Bradbury\u2019s <\/a>Stepping Westward<\/em> (London: Seeker & Warburg, 1965; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966), 5:<\/p>\n

In any disinterested evaluative scale of American colleges, Benedict Arnold hardly ranks tops; to [Ralph Zugsmith] Coolidge [president of Benedict Arnold College] it was more scholarly than Harvard, better built than Yale, more socially attractive than Princeton, and with better parking facilities than all of them. The student body, as it teemed about campus\u2014very much body, the girls in their shorts, the boys in theirs\u2014he saw from his window as young America, the best of all possible young Americans.\u00a0 No possible evidence of ignorance or of vice could disillusion him.\u00a0 Responsibility to them and to the world weighed on his head, like an over-large hat. He was totally serious; he groaned in the night; he cared and worried.\u00a0 He ran advertisements in the quality monthlies: \u201cFor the future! A B.A. from B.A.\u201d\u00a0 He shivered when Harvard got Reisman or Toronto Frye, shivered because he saw a prospective Benedict Arnold man drawn off into false paths.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u2022\u00a0 From Robertson Davies\u2019s <\/a>\u201cThe Pit Whence Ye Are Digged\u201d in High Spirits<\/em> (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1983), describing the talk at the High Table among the Senior Fellows of the \u201cCollege\u201d:<\/p>\n

The noise of conversation was high. Two notable divines, The Reverend John Evans and The Reverend Northrop Frye, were hard at it; Dr. Evans defending the doctrine of salvation through works\u2014the works one could grind out of others\u2014while Dr. Frye was urging salvation through the refiner\u2019s fire of an exacting criticism of Holy Writ.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u2022\u00a0 From \u201cDining Out,\u201d a section of Maureen Howard\u2019s <\/a>autobiography Facts of Life<\/em>\u201d (Boston: Little, Brown, 1978). \u00a078.<\/p>\n

I remember a lunch served up in the back bedroom of a second-story faculty flat in Ohio to Northrop Frye, the literary critic, our visiting dignitary at Kenyon College. . . .I sat at the head of the table, a veritable Madame de S\u00e9vign\u00e9 of central Ohio, exhausted by my labors. \u00a0I cannot remember one word the great man said, yet getting up from the table I knew that I would dine out on having had him for lunch. \u00a0I will not bore you with the menu which I do remember down to the last braised turnip in the grande marmite. \u00a0I was charming too, always that, and knew what to ask, had \u201cread up on,\u201d if not read his book on Blake. \u00a0Myopic and proper, bending into his soup, he talked as though we wanted really to say something. \u00a0I got the impression of a generous man, so committed to his work that he could not fathom my triviality.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u2022\u00a0 From Edmund Hill, O.P., in Blackfriars<\/em> 64 (February 1983): 92:<\/p>\n

On the 17th Sunday of the year, Cycle 2, I preached, more or less extempore, on the connection between the first and third readings, respectively the story of Elisha multiplying some loves and of Jesus feeding the 5,000.\u00a0 To try to help the congregation bring the right frame of mind to reading the Bible I pointed out the typological connection; how behind both stories was the story of the manna in the desert, and how feeding with food is a regular biblical metaphor (or metonym\u2014words I did not use in the sermon) for teaching the word of God.\u00a0 After Mass a great friend of mine said, \u201cI disagreed with your sermon.\u00a0 It does matter whether things actually happened or not.\u201d\u00a0 I protested that I had not said it didn\u2019t.\u00a0 And then she said that during the sermon her husband had whispered to her \u201cNorthrop Frye.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u2022\u00a0 From \u201cThe Pajusnaya Consignment,\u201d which appeared in the July 1984 issue of The New Defenders <\/em>(Marvel Comics), the villain-hissing plot is interrupted by this little entr\u2019acte:<\/p>\n

Frame 1<\/p>\n

[Walking across a college campus and followed by several students is the blue-faced Hank McCoy.\u00a0 Coming toward them is a man, slightly stooped, carrying a briefcase.\u00a0 Val, the archetype of the dumb blonde, has just made a remark about Treasure Island.]<\/p>\n

Narrator<\/em>: And on that literary note we turn to the missing member of The New Defenders<\/em>, Hank McCoy, a.k.a. The Beast\u2013\u2013as he holds forth to a gaggle of undergraduates following another of his fast-becoming-infamous college lectures across the nation.<\/p>\n

McCoy<\/em>: [to the students]\u00a0 \u2013\u2013so then I thought, \u201cWhy not an Edward G. Robinson mask?\u201d<\/p>\n

Frame 2<\/p>\n

McCoy<\/em>:\u00a0 Er\u2013\u2013excuse me for interrupting myself, but\u2013\u2013who\u2019s that man?\u00a0 He looks familiar!\u00a0 Prof. Frye? Professor Frye??<\/p>\n

Student<\/em>:\u00a0 Him?\u00a0 That\u2019s Prof. Frye\u2013\u2013dry Frye, we always call him, heh, heh\u2013\u2013<\/p>\n

McCoy<\/em>: [doing a superman handspring and sailing through the air toward Professor Frye] \u2019Scuse me, folks!\u00a0 \u2013\u2013Pardon me, Professor!\u00a0 Pardon my boldness, but I had to speak to you!<\/p>\n

Frame 3<\/p>\n

Prof. Frye<\/em>: Good heavens! Please\u2013\u2013!<\/p>\n

McCoy<\/em>: Professor, I just had to tell you that your book on Blake was one of the most brilliant pieces of criticism I\u2019ve ever read.\u00a0 It really enabled me to see the visionary epic form as quite distinct from the Romantic!\u00a0 It opened up worlds to me!<\/p>\n

Frame 4<\/p>\n

McCoy<\/em>: I particularly appreciated the insight into the apocalyptic imagination that the events of his era generated.<\/p>\n

Prof. Frye<\/em>:\u00a0 Why\u2013\u2013I believe you do understand the thrust of my inquiry, young\u2013er, man!<\/p>\n

Frame 5<\/p>\n

McCoy<\/em>: [walking away from students and holding on to Prof. Frye\u2019s arm]\u00a0 Have you, I wonder, read Bloom\u2019s book on Blake and revolution?<\/p>\n

Prof. Frye<\/em>:\u00a0 Of course! But a political approach seems almost tangential. . .<\/p>\n

Student<\/em>: [now from a distance]\u00a0 Gee. . .!<\/p>\n

Another student<\/em>: Who\u2019da thunk it\u2013\u2013maybe there\u2019s more to Frye than we thought\u2013\u2013?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Frye makes an appearance in still another episode of the New Defenders<\/em>, \u201cHearts and Minds\u201d (No. 137 [November 1984]: 17).\u00a0 Here, one of the gallant defenders, Iceman (A.K.A. Bobby), asks the inimitable McCoy, \u201cHank, what was that gibberish you said to the Wizard back there?\u201d\u00a0 Whereupon, McCoy replies:\u00a0 \u201cThe Wizard\u2019s a Gnostic<\/em>, Bobby\u2013\u2013I recognized his spiel from a book Professor Frye loaned me\u2013\u2013seemed to have hit him where he lived!\u201d*\u00a0 [The asterisk refers the reader to The Gnostic Religion <\/em>by Hans Jonas <\/a>(Boston: Beacon Press, 1963).<\/p>\n

The author of these two episodes of The New Defenders<\/em> is Peter B. Gillis.\u00a0 The first episode occasioned this letter to Marvel Comics from Linda Koenig of Garwood, NJ:<\/p>\n

Dear Peter,<\/p>\n

Peter, Peter, burning bright<\/p>\n

In the Bullpen late at night<\/p>\n

Introduces Northrop Frye<\/p>\n

Into Defenders\u2019 historye!<\/p>\n

Seriously. . . you delighted the heart of an eternal English major and an incorrigible Blake freak.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

To which the editors replied:\u00a0 \u201cIt\u2019s nice to know that [Peter\u2019s] little tribute to one of the great critical minds of the 20th century didn\u2019t go unnoticed.\u00a0 It has made his day.\u00a0 We always knew Marvel had the most erudite readership around, and this proves it.\u00a0 And just wait till the Beast meets Susan Sontag.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0 From Frank Gannon, \u201cMmm, Manor Simulacrum: Barbecue, a Postmodern Grill\u00ading,\u201d Harper\u2019s <\/em>(May <\/em>1989): 55\u20137.<\/p>\n

The truth of the matter is you\u2019ve got to be very careful reading about barbecue if, for example, you\u2019ve shared a lot of baby\u2011back ribs and Brunswick stew with, to name one guy, Northrop Frye.\u00a0\u00a0 That guy will wear you out.\u00a0 Many times I felt like calling Frye on some of his ontological assumptions, but it\u2019s hard to get real motivated with a plate of pulled pork in front of you and a cold one in your hand.\u00a0 I remember a lot of great eating, lots of napkins, and plenty of cold ones with Northrop Frye.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u2022\u00a0 From Jeanette Winterson<\/a>, Boating for Beginners<\/em> (London: Minerva, 1990), 62, 73.\u00a0 Through her heroine Gloria, who tries to define herself after a male model, Winterson is satirizing Frye.\u00a0 At one point Gloria gets excited when she sees Frye floating by from the ark (\u201cI read your book and it changed my life,\u201d she yells to the receding figure).<\/p>\n

Until her epiphany with Northrop Frye she\u2019d been an emotional amoeba. Now . . . subject and object, herself and what she did, were very much split.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u2022\u00a0 From A<\/em> Memoir of David Jones <\/em>(Oxford University Press, 1981) by William Blissett, who records the fol\u00adlowing reminiscence, in which he and David Jones were discussing Conrad:<\/p>\n

David recalled a passage . . . from one of Conrad\u2019s prefaces.\u00a0 I interested him greatly by recalling an encounter that occurred one summer when I was teaching in Queen\u2019s University in Kingston.\u00a0 Having rented a house, I found myself gardening under the law while an elder\u00adly gentleman next door was gardening with love.\u00a0 We fell into talk, and one day he asked, \u201cHave you ever heard of a writer named Joseph Conrad?\u201d\u00a0 I nodded.\u00a0 \u201cHe was my next\u2011door neighbour, in Kent.\u00a0 We would go for long walks from time to time and see ships making the turn between the Channel and the Thames.\u00a0 \u2018Post,\u2019 he would say, \u2018Post, I have seen much of the world\u2019\u2013\u2013and he was a well\u2011travelled gentleman, in the merchant navy\u2013\u2013\u2018I have seen much of the world but no sight to compare with that.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

I\u00a0enjoyed telling this because Mr Post\u2019s deliberate pace and South\u2011of\u2011England speech (without the intrusive \u2018eo\u2019 sound that causes flickers of annoyance in the rest of the English\u00ad speaking world) reminded me very much of David\u2019s own style of talk.\u00a0 Mr Post went on to ask me if I had heard of a university professor by the name of Northrop Frye.\u00a0 (Yes, I wrote my thesis under the direction of a great captain of academic industry, A.S.P. Woodhouse, and a coming young man, Northrop Frye.)\u00a0 \u201cProfes\u00adsor Frye gave a talk on the wireless, on Conrad, and mentioned a man named Ford, whose real name was Hueffer.\u201d\u00a0 (Mr. Post said \u2018Hoffer.\u2019)\u00a0 \u201cI wrote to him and said that we all thought, per\u00adhaps wrongly, that Hueffer was a German agent, but he wrote back to say that such was not the case, that Ford, as he called him, was a loyal Englishman though of German origin, and that anyway Conrad would never have as\u00adsociated himself with a German agent, and I had to agree with that.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u2022\u00a0 Two short stories by high school students in which Frye figures as a character:<\/p>\n

Betts, Rebecca A. \u00a0\u201cJessie McGill.\u201d\u00a0 Times & Transcript<\/em> [Moncton, NB] 25 April 2009.\u00a0 http:\/\/timestranscript.canadaeast.com\/whatever\/article\/645528<\/a><\/p>\n

Wong, Jasmine.\u00a0 \u201cFlight of Fancy.\u201d\u00a0 Times & Transcript<\/em> [Moncton, NB].\u00a0 25 April 2009.\u00a0 http:\/\/timestranscript.canadaeast.com\/whatever\/article\/645527<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In addition to Amis\u2019s The Rachel Papers Frye has made his way into a number of poems, plays, novels, and discursive texts.\u00a0 An earlier post catalogued his appearance in contemporary poems.\u00a0 As for the other genres, one of the central characters of David Lodge\u2019s Changing Places (1974) refers humorously to the perpetual motion of an […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[16,70,98],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-bob-denham","category-frygiana","category-memoir"],"yoast_head":"\nMaking Literature Out of Frye - 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